Bovine Upper Musculoskeletal Apparatus and Small Ruminant Disease Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• For suspected distal forelimb fractures in cattle, which radiographic views are most informative?
• Spinal luxation is most commonly described in calves; this pattern implicates which age category?
• In olecranon bursitis management, which finding would indicate septic involvement?
• Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign/sequela of cruciate ligament tears?
• Mycoplasmal polyarthritis is mainly a disease of which animal?
• Which forelimb fracture in cattle has a poor prognosis due to muscle attachments?
• Describe the signs and initial management of olecranon bursitis in cattle.
• Which factor is NOT associated with OC/OCD?
• How would you differentiate shoulder region trauma from thoracic injury in a cow presenting with forelimb lameness?
• In neonatal small ruminants, what clinical findings would indicate navicular-like bone infection in the forelimb?
• Which is a major sign of OC/OCD?
• How does Elso heel typically present?
• OC/OCD usually affects the fastest growing animals in a group and usually is in individuals, not a herd.
• Which method involves trimming the hoof to remove diseased tissue?
• Which management steps reduce transmission during a footrot outbreak?
• Which joint among the following is a typical site for OC/OCD?
• If spine radiographs are difficult to obtain, which imaging modality can assist with localization by detecting skin temperature changes?
• Which radiographic projection is NOT needed if obliques are available for evaluating the distal radius and carpal joints in cattle?
• What indicators on a physical exam suggest septic arthritis of the carpus in a young lamb?
• Which environmental measures reduce lameness in small ruminants?
• Spastic syndrome is a muscle contraction that is involuntary and typically affects which limbs, and progresses toward which end?
• Which practice supports reliable lameness monitoring over time?
• Why is surgery controversial in cruciate ligament tears?
• Scapular fractures in cattle are generally:
• What is the recommended approach when forelimb radiographs are inconclusive for suspected fracture in cattle?
• Treatment of infectious footrot depends on which factor?
• Congenital arthrogryposis may be associated with in-utero viral exposure.
• Which organism is the primary causative agent of contagious footrot in small ruminants?
• Which of the following are risk factors for septic arthritis in neonatal small ruminants?
• In CAE, which joint is commonly affected?
• OC/OCD joints are associated with which of the following statements?
• Where is spinal luxation most commonly located in cattle?
• After a closed reduction, how long should the hind limbs be hobble to prevent abduction?
• Upward fixation is more common in Bos indicus due to a post-legged conformation. Which option best completes this statement?
• Which treatment method involves systemic administration of antibiotics?
• Which meniscus is most commonly torn in cattle?
• What are the TWO major signs of OC/OCD?
• Spondylosis may be palpable per rectum if the posterior spine is involved.
• Which classification is associated with traumatic injuries such as luxation and pelvic fractures?
• Which organism is primarily responsible for footrot in small ruminants?
• OC/OCD is commonly found in how many joints?
• In the cranial dorsal luxation, the greater trochanter is located how relative to its normal position?
• Which statement about vertebral physeal slips is true?
• What flock-management steps are recommended during a footrot outbreak?
• Bovine spine conditions are extremely common or rare?
• What is the role of culture in management of olecranon bursitis?
• Outline the initial management steps for acute septic arthritis in a neonatal lamb or kid.
• Under what circumstances would you consider culling a footrot case?
• OC/OCD usually manifests in what age range?
• In small ruminants, which are common non-infectious causes of forelimb lameness and how would you differentiate from footrot?
• Which stifle injury presents with mild, acute lameness and medial-to-lateral joint instability?
• Define "joint ill" in neonate small ruminants and list risk factors.
• In progressive stifle lesions, which sequence reflects increasing pain and lameness?
• What age group is most affected by mycoplasmal polyarthritis?
• Which imaging projection is NOT typically used in evaluation of the distal radius and carpal joints in cattle?
• What visual feature is often associated with coxofemoral luxation?
• What is the abnormal ossification and bone development of bone? Who is it most common in?
• NOT a predisposing factor for contagious digital dermatitis or infectious footrot?
• What condition is described as progressive spastic contraction of the hindlimb that develops within 2 weeks to 6 months of age?
• A disease presenting with pneumonia, ocular signs, and joint involvement is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• What are primary therapeutic goals when treating a suspected septic elbow arthritis in cattle?
• Which of the following is NOT among the four major spine conditions of cattle?
• Which imaging modality is particularly useful for evaluating soft tissue injuries and tendon rupture in cattle forelimb pathology?
• Why do you not amputate with a long stump remaining?
• List three imaging modalities useful for forelimb pathology in cattle and the typical lesions each reveals.
• Describe the ballottement test in forelimb assessment and what a positive finding indicates.
• Clinical signs of vertebral physeal slips are usually consistent with which finding?
• What are key welfare considerations when managing lame cattle on a dairy farm?
• Which is a distinctive sign of elbow arthrosis in cattle?
• Which statement best describes typical presentation of deep and superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in the bovine forelimb?
• Which imaging modality is most useful for detecting soft tissue injuries in the forelimb, while radiographs are more informative for bone lesions?
• In neonatal small ruminants, which organisms are commonly isolated from septic arthritis?
• Which of the following is a radiographic finding of cruciate ligament tears?
• What is the most severe lameness of stifle injuries?
• Which nerve block would be used to desensitize the bovine digit for hoof procedures, and where is the injection performed?
• Which factor contributes to abnormal cartilage ossification?
• Which metacarpal is the main weight-bearing bone in the bovine forelimb?
• What radiographic findings are typical for septic osteomyelitis of the bovine radius?
• Which of the following is a typical sign of forelimb lameness in small ruminants during a physical exam?
• Which are the common carpal injuries in cattle?
• How would you distinguish a tendon/ligament injury from a fracture in a cow presenting with forelimb lameness?
• What is a primary benefit of routine monitoring for early signs of lameness in dairy cattle?
• What are the three major indications for leg amputation?
• Which statement describes the direction of the most common coxofemoral luxation?
• What is the major difference in foot rot in sheep/goats compared to cattle?
• Physitis of vertebral bodies is primarily associated with which factor?
• Upward fixation of the patella can be complete or momentary. True or False?
• What role do ultrasonography and thermography play in forelimb diagnosis in cattle?
• What constitutes a score of 2 on a 0–3 lameness scale in cattle?
• Which of the following is NOT a conformation-based method to assess coxofemoral luxation?
• Which of the following is a method to assess coxofemoral luxation by conformation?
• Name two non-infectious causes of carpal swelling in cattle and how you would differentiate them clinically.
• Define olecranon bursitis in cattle and distinguish it from septic olecranon bursitis.
• How would you perform a lameness assessment in a small ruminant with suspected foot disease?
• What is traumatic injury of coxofemoral luxation usually associated with?
• Which statement about spastic syndrome progression is true?
• Is the following statement true: The drawer sign can be performed, and stimulation with a broom is sometimes attempted?
• Which developmental condition in cattle is extremely rare in the coxofemoral joint?
• What are the two main organisms associated with footrot in small ruminants and which is primary?
• Which finding best differentiates contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) from footrot clinically?
• Chlamydial polyarthritis has high morbidity in which animal?
• What is a treatment for chlamydial polyarthritis?
• Which metacarpal bone is the main weight-bearing in cattle?
• Which classification is associated with septic conditions and polyarthritis?
• In suspected forelimb tendon injuries in cattle, which diagnostic modality can confirm tendon disruption or tenosynovitis?
• Which acquired spine condition in cows is commonly asymptomatic or may present as back pain and stiffness?
• Which lesion progression is characteristic of CODD in sheep?
• Which statement about small ruminant footrot is correct?
• How can mycoplasma be shed?
• Signs of osteomyelitis in small ruminants affecting forelimb bones?
• Which of the following is not a clinical sign of meniscal tears?
• Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for contagious digital dermatitis or infectious footrot?
• What kind of cow is most susceptible to meniscal tears?
• Which combination supports a diagnosis of coxofemoral luxation?
• If diagnosed within 24 hours, which treatment is appropriate for coxofemoral luxation?
• Which cows is traumatic coxofemoral luxation most commonly seen in?
• What age group is most affected by mycoplasmal polyarthritis?
• Which disease is characterized by pneumonia, ocular signs, and joint signs in small ruminants?
• Which statement about contagious footrot in small ruminants is correct?
• Rectal examination findings may aid in identifying which condition?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a clinical sign of chlamydial polyarthritis?
• Explain the role of splint bones in the bovine forelimb and how their involvement influences fracture management.
• Distinguish omphalitis from joint ill in neonatal small ruminants.
• Which option lists all four recommended treatments for infectious footrot in small ruminants?
• Which feature best differentiates CODD from interdigital dermatitis?
• Elso heel is associated with postmortem lesions: which statement is true?
• Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) is a slowly progressive arthritis in which animals?
• Explain the basic principles of treating a carpal joint septic arthritis in cattle, including drainage and antibiotic considerations.
• Which of the following is a sign of upward fixation of the patella?
• Ruptured collateral ligament leads to which degenerative condition?
• In CAE, which joint involvement is typical and what type of synovitis is seen?
• Which statement about footrot is false?
• What signs indicate a forelimb joint effusion and how would you confirm it?
• Coxofemoral luxation may occur when a cow is mounted during estrus.
• Which treatment method involves dipping or soaking hooves in antiseptic solutions?
• Which joints form the bovine carpus?
• What is the causative agent of chlamydial polyarthritis?
• What is the usual age of OC/OCD?
• What is the role of hoof trimming in managing bovine forelimb lameness and when is trimming contraindicated?
• Which radiographic projections are preferred for evaluating the distal radius and carpal joints in cattle?
• Which meniscus is most commonly torn in cattle?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a radiographic finding of cruciate ligament tears?
• Fusobacterium necrophorum is primarily associated with footrot in which species?
• What are the three classifications of coxofemoral joint conditions and what are they associated with?
• Which statement about spondylosis is true?
• Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis is associated with which type of synovitis?
• NOT one of the three mycoplasma species that can cause mycoplasmal polyarthritis?
• What is the role of nutrition and hydration in the management of septic elbow arthritis?
• Outline a simple external coaptation approach for a distal forelimb fracture in cattle.
• Which splint has controversial use in cruciate ligament tears and immobilizes for 6-8 weeks followed by an additional 4 months sexual rest, but risks additional atrophy of the limb?
• OC/OCD is not commonly seen in which joint?
• Which treatment method uses a bandage soaked with antiseptic or antibiotic around the hoof?
• In cattle, which sequence correctly describes the bovine forelimb from proximal to distal, including the splint bones MC2 and MC4?
• In young bulls starting mounting activity, which condition is uncommon?
• What preventive strategies are recommended to reduce forelimb injuries in high-producing dairy cattle?
• In OC/OCD, which finding is associated with more severe lameness?
• Which statement about contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) is true?
• Which of the following best describes core components of a herd-level foot disease control program for small ruminants?
• How should antibiotic therapy be guided for forelimb infections in cattle to minimize resistance?
• Regarding Elso heel, which statement is true?
• Distal radius/ulna fractures in cattle treated with external coaptation typically have what prognosis?
• Which item is NOT listed as a prerequisite to proceed with amputation?
• Which statement about metacarpal bones MC2, MC3, and MC4 in cattle is correct?
• Interdigital dermatitis in small ruminants is best described as:
• Why are trace minerals important for bone health in small ruminants, and what deficiencies are commonly implicated in lameness?
• Which antibiotic class is commonly used to treat chlamydial polyarthritis?
• Which sign indicates CNS involvement in mycoplasmal polyarthritis?
• What could cause persistent lameness after initial footrot treatment in small ruminants?
• What kind of luxation of the hip is the most common?
• Elso heel is associated with a (dominant/recessive) gene with incomplete penetrance and (has/no) postmortem lesions.
• In CAE, what percentage of seropositive animals are affected?
• Severity of footrot in small ruminants depends on what?
• Spastic syndrome in cattle has which combination of features?
• Clinical signs of spinal luxation in cattle depend on which factor?
• Which factors influence prognosis after a forelimb fracture in cattle?
• In a herd foot disease control program for small ruminants, which practice directly reduces environmental contamination and spread?
• Describe the presentation of radial nerve palsy in a cow and how you would differentiate it from elbow joint pathology.
• Which of the following is a major spine condition of cattle?
• OC/OCD is associated with four factors.
• Distinguish a carpal hygroma from septic arthritis of the carpus in cattle.
• Among CAE seropositive animals, the proportion that develop disease is approximately what?
• Where is a carpal hygroma typically located?
• Infectious footrot is most commonly transmitted via which environment?
• Besides location and type of fracture, which factor influences prognosis after a forelimb fracture?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the listed treatments for infectious footrot?
• What is the conservative treatment for cruciate ligament tears?
• Spastic syndrome is often precipitated by what type of event?
• Which of the following is NOT among the three major physical exam findings indicating bovine spinal disease?
• What are the THREE features that must be true in order for you to move forward with an amputation?
• In the forelimb, you should amputate the ————— and the ————- in the hindlimb.
• OC/OCD pathophysiology is incompletely understood, but growth cartilage is abnormally retained by abnormal vasculature, nutrition, degeneration, or ossification. It is associated with effects of shearing forces.
• Which of the following is a sequela of cruciate ligament tears?
• Which structure forms the hoof in cattle?
• Regarding spastic syndrome in cattle, which statement is correct?